Professional Responsibility Outline

I.     MAINTAINING THE INTEGRITY OF THE PROFESSION
A.    Rule 8.1 – Bar Admission and ANY Disciplinary Matters 
1.      An applicant for admission to the bar, or a lawyer in connection with a bar admission application or in connection with a disciplinary matter, shall not:
a.       (a) knowingly make a false statement of material fact; or
b.      (b) fail to disclose a fact necessary to correct a misapprehension known by the person to have arisen in the matter, or knowingly fail to respond to a lawful demand for information from an admissions or disciplinary authority, except that this rule does not require disclosure of information otherwise protected by Rule 1.6.
2.      Comment
a.       [1] The duty imposed by this Rule extends to persons seeking admission to the bar as well as to lawyers. Hence, if a person makes a material false statement in connection with an application for admission, it may be the basis for subsequent disciplinary action if the person is admitted, and in any event may be relevant in a subsequent admission application. The duty imposed by this Rule applies to a lawyer’s own admission or discipline as well as that of others. Thus, it is a separate professional offense for a lawyer to knowingly make a misrepresentation or omission in connection with a disciplinary investigation of the lawyer’s own conduct. Paragraph (b) of this Rule also requires correction of any prior misstatement in the matter that the applicant or lawyer may have made and affirmative clarification of any misunderstanding on the part of the admissions or disciplinary authority of which the person involved becomes aware.
b.       [3] A lawyer representing an applicant for admission to the bar, or representing a lawyer who is the subject of a disciplinary inquiry or proceeding, is governed by the rules applicable to the client-lawyer relationship, including Rule 1.6 and, in some cases, Rule 3.3. – Rule 1.6 supersedes this rule
B.     Rule 8.2 – Judicial and Legal Officials
1.      (a) A lawyer shall not make a statement that the lawyer knows to be false or with reckless disregard as to its truth or falsity concerning the qualifications or integrity of a judge, adjudicatory officer or public legal officer, or of a candidate for election or appointment to judicial or legal office.
2.      Comment
a.       [1] Assessments by lawyers are relied on in evaluating the professional or personal fitness of persons being considered for election or appointment to judicial office and to public legal offices, such as attorney general, prosecuting attorney and public defender. Expressing honest and candid opinions on such matters contributes to improving the administration of justice. Conversely, false statements by a lawyer can unfairly undermine public confidence in the administration of justice.
C.     Rule 8.3 – Reporting Professional Misconduct
1.      A lawyer who knows that another lawyer (or judge) has committed a violation of the Rules of Professional Conduct that raises a substantial question as to that lawyer’s honesty, trustworthiness or fitness as a lawyer in other respects, shall inform the appropriate professional authority.
2.       (c) This Rule does not require disclosure of information otherwise protected by Rule 1.6 or information gained by a lawyer or judge while participating in an approved lawyers assistance program.
3.      Comment
a.       [1] Self-regulation requires the existence of this rule
b.      [2] A report about misconduct is not required where it would involve violation of Rule 1.6 (duty of confidentiality). However, a lawyer should encourage a client to consent to disclosure where prosecution would not substantially prejudice the client’s interests.
i.        E.g. Lawyer told authorities about a corrupt judge and he was disciplined because he broke the duty to confidentiality, even though the judge was ultimately removed
c.       [3] This Rule limits the reporting obligation to those offenses that a self-regulating profession must vigorously endeavor to prevent.  The term “substantial” refers to the seriousness of the possible offense and not the quantum of evidence of which the lawyer is aware.  
d.      [4] The duty to report professional misconduct does not apply to a lawyer retained to represent a lawyer whose professional conduct is in question. Such a situation is governed by the Rules applicable to the client-lawyer relationship.
4.      Hypos
a.       A lawyer friend of yours tells you he took money out of a trust account from one of his clients. He invested the money and returned it after he got profit out of it. Do you have to report him? 
i.        Yes because there is not confidential communication, he is only a friend
b.      Client hired you and tells you about a criminal fraud perpetrated by his former attorney but he tells you not to report him. Do you have to report him?
i.        No, because 1.6 supersedes 8.3
c.       What if he doesn’t tell you but you have a suspicion that the former attorney committed the crime?
i.        In order for the duty to arise, there are 3 things that must be present:
1)       There must be not 1.6 violation
2)       The violation raises a substantial question as to the violation of the rule that goes to the lawyer’s honesty, trustworthiness or fitness as a lawyer
3)       There must be knowledge of the conduct (not only suspicion)
d.      What if the client is trying to prevent the lawyer from reporting the former lawyer in order to use that as a chip to bargain a settlement in another case?
i.        There is an exception to 1.6 and you have a duty under 8.3 again
D.    Rule 8.4 – Misconduct
1.      It is professional misconduct for a lawyer to:
a.       (a) violate or attempt to violate the Rules of Professional Conduct, knowingly assist or induce another to do so, or do so through the acts of another;
b.      (b) commit a criminal act that reflects adversely on the lawyer’s honesty, trustworthiness or fitness as a lawyer in other respects;
c.       (c) engage in conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit or misrepresentation;
d.      (d) engage in conduct that is prejudicial to the administration of justice;
e.       (e) state or imply an ability to influence improperly a government agency or official or to achieve results by means that violate the Rules of Professional Conduct or other law; or
f.       (f) knowingly assist a judge or judicial officer in conduct that is a violation of applicable rules of judicial conduct or other law
2.      Comment
a.       [1] Lawyers are subject to discipline when they violate or attempt to violate the Rules of Professional Conduct, knowingly assist or induce another to do so or do so through the acts of another, as when they request or instruct an agent to do so on the lawyer’s behalf. Paragraph (a), however, does not prohibit a lawyer from advising a client concerning action the client is legally entitled to take.
b.      [2] Many kinds of illegal conduct reflect adversely on fitness to practice law, such as offenses involving fraud and the offense of willful failure to file an income tax return. However, some kinds of offenses carry no such implication. Traditionally, the distinction was drawn in terms of offenses involving “moral turpitude.” That concept can be construed to include offenses concerning some matters of personal morality, such as adultery and comparable offenses, that have no specific connection to fitness for the practice of law. Although a lawyer is personally answerable to the entire criminal law, a lawyer should be professionally answerable only for offenses that indicate lack of those characteristics relevant to law practice. Offenses involving violence, dishonesty, breach of trust, or serious interference with the administration of justice are in that category. A pattern of repeated offenses, even ones of minor significance when considered separately, can indicate indifference to legal obligation.
3.      Hypo
a.       What if an attorney violates a rule without knowing it?
i.        The conduct must be knowing and intentional
ii.      You can’t be dishonest without intending to act that way
b.      Lawrence comes to you and tells you that he and a group of his friend formed an investment venture. They entrusted him with the money to invest for them, but he diverted part of it for his own use. Is he subject to discipline even though he did not act within his lawyer role but as a personal venture?
i.