Criminal Procedure Outline
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Basic Principles
I.                 Incorporation Doctrine
A.   Virtually all of the protections granted under the Bill of Rights are granted in equal measure against the states through the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause.
B.    The Supreme Court determines the minimum amount of protection granted to individuals through the Federal Constitution. State courts cannot grant defendants less protection than that provided by the Federal Constitution. However, a state court can construe its state constitution to give greater protection to a defendant.
II.              Retroactivity of Constitutional Decisions
A.   Direct Appeal – automatic appeal / appeal of right
B.    Collateral appeal – discretionary
                                                             i.     Teague v. Lane– New rule not applicable to case on collateral review with 2 exceptions:Â
a.     Primary Individual rights effected
b.    Infringes upon fundamental rights
                                                           ii.     New Rule – must determine if new rule for Retroactivity to apply
1.    When case breaks new ground or imposes a new obligation on the states or federal govt.
2.    When case announces results not dictated by precedent existing at the time the D’s conviction became final.
Searches and Seizures of Persons and Things The 4th Amendment
III.          Into to 4th Amendment
A.   Protects Rt. to privacy with greatest protection of home
B.    4th Amendment
                                                             i.     Right of the people
1.    (people – part of national community (citizen)) or
2.    (sufficient connection (min. contacts))
                                                           ii.     to be secure in their person
                                                         iii.     against unreasonable search & seizures &
                                                         iv.     No warrants except for probable cause
1.    Supported by oath or affirmation
2.    Particularly describing
IV.        Â
 Enclosure
c.     Use – *commonly used for activity associated with home
d.    Step taken to protect privacy – from bypassers.
Note:Â * most emphasis placed on use
Note:          Open field – neither house nor effect.
                  If dig to get à open field does not apply, only observation
4.    La. (State v. Bryers)
a.     Yes, violation of 4th Am. & evid. suppressed b/c could not search w/o warrant.
Note:        General Rule – Search w/o warrant is unreasonable unless falls under exception.
5.    State v. Carston (588 So.2d 165)
a.    Ct. held – courtyard not open to public and common area for private complex.
6.    State v. Brown (598 So.2d 565)
7.    State v. Green (683 So.2d 1292)
8.    State v. Byers (359 So.2d 84)
Access by Members of the Public – as long as public can get to it, even if illegal, NO SEARCH
