Equities and Remedies Outline

Equity over – Injunctions
Federal Rule 65/State Rule 65
Temporary Restraining Orders (TRO’s)– purpose is to maintain the status quo pending issuance of a preliminary injunction
                                                               i.      Grounds for issuance – usually emergent in nature – threats of irreparable harm from delay are required
                                                             ii.      May be issued Ex parte – but the plaintiff must make a strong showing as to why such notice and hearing should not be required
1.      issuance ex parte may be subject to a Constitutional due process attack
2.      tro may be issued ex parte but it is not binding until D has received at least informal notice of its existence/contents
                                                            iii.      duration of TRO – 5-15 days – normally 10
                                                           iv.      Not appealable
                                                             v.      Factors to be proved
1.      irreparable harm –injury for which a monetary award cannot be adequate compensation/intangible harm not readily subject to measurement by any certain pecuniary standard  
2.      balance of hardships must weigh heavily in the plaintiff’s favor –
3.      likelihood of success on the merits
4.      public policy/interest of society
5.      status quo should be maintained – the way they were before the dispute
                                                           vi.      Clinton v. Nagy (page 17)
                                                          vii.      Adams v. Baker (page 21)
Preliminary/(Temporary, interlocutory, pendent elite, Provisional) Injunctions
                                                               i.      Issued only after notice and an adversary hearing
                                                             ii.      Purpose is to retain the status quo
                                                            iii.      Stays enforce until a trial on the merits
                                                           iv.      Factors to consider in granting a preliminary Injunction
1.      irreparable harm–injury for which a monetary award cannot be adequate compensation/intangible harm not readily subject to measurement by any certain pecuniary standard  
2.      balance of hardships must weigh heavily in the plaintiff’s favor
3.      likelihood of success on the merits
4.      public policy/interest of society
5.      status quo should be maintained the way they were before the dispute – maintains the last uncontested status
                                                            v.      Applying the factors – they are interrelated so that one strong showing could offset a weak one – howe